Investigation of sprinkler wetting patterns for fire protection of exposed timber
Abstract
Abstract In this experimental study, a range of sprinkler head types were tested to evaluate the wetting potential of exposed timber ceilings and walls in addition to providing water to the room’s contents. Water distribution tests were conducted using standard single sprinklers at high and low pressures with different mounting orientations. Water capture below the sprinklers allowed the assessment of actual delivered density against requirements. A specifically designed test rig was used to evaluate water delivery rates to walls, and ceiling wetting patterns were captured photographically and through measurement for later analysis. The aim of this study is to provide evidence and data to inform organisations/standards bodies of potential changes that can optimise sprinkler systems for the protection of mass timber buildings with exposed internal combustible timber surfaces. The results presented demonstrate that, through careful consideration of sprinkler head type and positioning, improved surface wetting of ceilings and walls can be achieved without compromising water delivery to the contents/fuel load. It is estimated that minor changes to system design can greatly improve system performance for mass timber construction at minimal cost. This work is presented with a view to support the adaption of current UK sprinkler standards to this new protection scenario.
Reference
Dale Kinnersley; T. Richard Hull; James L. D. Glockling; Stuart Campbell. (2026). Investigation of sprinkler wetting patterns for fire protection of exposed timber. Fire Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-026-01931-1
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